PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA DIGITAL DALAM HUBUNGA KERJA LINTAS NEGARA DI ERA GIG ECONOMY

AbstractThis study examines the legal protection of digital workerswithin cross-border employment relationships in the gigeconomy era. The rapid growth of digital platforms hastransformed traditional labor relations by introducingflexible, on-demand work arrangements that often falloutside formal employment classifications. As a result, gigworkers are frequently categorized as independentpartners rather than employees, leading to the exclusionof normative labor protections such as minimum wagestandards, social security, occupational safety, anddispute resolution mechanisms. This research employs anormative juridical method by analyzing relevant laws,regulations, legal doctrines, and comparative legaldevelopments in several jurisdictions. The findings revealthat despite the contractual labeling of partnership, thefactual working relationship between platforms andworkers demonstrates elements of subordination throughalgorithmic control. The absence of clear legal recognitioncreates a regulatory vacuum that weakens the protectionof digital workers, particularly in cross-border platformwork. Therefore, this study emphasizes the urgency oflegal reform to establish a more inclusive and adaptivelabor protection framework that balances labor flexibilitywith fundamental workers’ rights in the digital economy.Keywords: Gig Economy, Digital Workers, LegalProtection, Employment Relationship, Platform Work.