Kinematic and Spectroscopic Constraints on the Origin of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS: An Ablative Propulsion Model
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This manuscript presents a comprehensive kinematic and spectroscopic analysis of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1), identifying four correlated anomalies statistically inconsistent with natural cometary outgassing: Compositional anomaly: Complete Iron/Nickel dissociation ($Fe/Ni \approx 0.02:1$ vs. solar $1.8:1$), implying artificial refining or isotopic engineering. Dynamic pressure violation: A collimated sunward jet penetrating 400,000 km against solar wind pressure, requiring exhaust velocities $>447 \text{ km/s}$ (plasma regime). Geometric precision: A persistent three-fold rotational symmetry ($120^{\circ} \pm 3^{\circ}$) in the venting structure, statistically deviating from stochastic natural venting ($p < 0.001$). Trajectory control: A non-gravitational acceleration ($3 \times 10^{-10} \text{ AU/d}^2$) with a positive transverse component (+A2), consistent with orbital energy injection for a precision gravity-assist maneuver rather than passive drag. To resolve these anomalies, we propose a "Hybrid" ablative propulsion model: a solid-state refractory core encased in a harvested volatile shell. We provide rigorous thermodynamic mass budget analysis and Bayesian probability assessment that systematically rejects alternative natural models, including recent CO-sublimation hypotheses. This work is grounded in real observational data (HST/ACS, VLT/FORS2, Swift UVOT) and offers two specific, falsifiable predictions for May 2026: Abrupt valve closure: OH production drops from 40 to $
Fields of Study & Subjects
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Astro and Planetary Science
Stellar
planetary
and galactic studies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
- Publication date
- 4 January 2026
- Document type
- Preprint