Kinematic and Spectroscopic Constraints on the Origin of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS: An Ablative Propulsion Model

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Authors: Kevin Baird
Cited by: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This manuscript presents a comprehensive kinematic and spectroscopic analysis of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1), identifying four correlated anomalies statistically inconsistent with natural cometary outgassing: Compositional anomaly: Complete Iron/Nickel dissociation ($Fe/Ni \approx 0.02:1$ vs. solar $1.8:1$), implying artificial refining or isotopic engineering. Dynamic pressure violation: A collimated sunward jet penetrating 400,000 km against solar wind pressure, requiring exhaust velocities $>447 \text{ km/s}$ (plasma regime). Geometric precision: A persistent three-fold rotational symmetry ($120^{\circ} \pm 3^{\circ}$) in the venting structure, statistically deviating from stochastic natural venting ($p < 0.001$). Trajectory control: A non-gravitational acceleration ($3 \times 10^{-10} \text{ AU/d}^2$) with a positive transverse component (+A2), consistent with orbital energy injection for a precision gravity-assist maneuver rather than passive drag. To resolve these anomalies, we propose a "Hybrid" ablative propulsion model: a solid-state refractory core encased in a harvested volatile shell. We provide rigorous thermodynamic mass budget analysis and Bayesian probability assessment that systematically rejects alternative natural models, including recent CO-sublimation hypotheses. This work is grounded in real observational data (HST/ACS, VLT/FORS2, Swift UVOT) and offers two specific, falsifiable predictions for May 2026: Abrupt valve closure: OH production drops from 40 to $

Fields of Study & Subjects

Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies Astro and Planetary Science Stellar planetary and galactic studies

Publication details

Journal / source
Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
Publication date
4 January 2026
Document type
Preprint