Roots of Livestock Civilization: Cattle, Water Buffalo, Ecosystems and Human Communities

This article series examines cattle and water buffalo as foundational elements of human civilization through an integrated perspective encompassing biological evolution, archaeological evidence in Thailand, co-existing ecosystems in community agricultural grasslands and animal health issues. The analysis highlights the systemic relationships among humans, livestock and the environment, demonstrating the crucial role of domesticated animals in agricultural development, community formation and sustainable resource management