PROSPECTS FOR USING THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF SILVER. MICROORGANISMS IN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS

Among the explanations for how silver affects microorganisms, adsorption is often discussed, but the widely cited mechanism is the release of silver ions (Ag+), which interact with microbial cell components. Some descriptions have framed this as adsorption causing loss of vitality, but the more accepted view emphasizes ion release and subsequent cellular disruption rather than adsorption alone. Silver has a long history in medicine due to its antimicrobial properties. In the past, solutions containing silver nanoparticles (colloidal silver) were used to antiseptize wounds, mucous membranes, burns, and other infections. Today, silver compounds such as argentum proteinate (also known as protargol) remain of interest in certain medical contexts. (Note: “colloidal gold” is a different substance and not a standard counterpart to colloidal silver.) Silver ions in drinking water can inhibit bacterial growth, but excessive silver exposure may be harmful to health. The safety of silver in drinking water depends on the amount and duration of exposure; high levels can lead to argyria and other adverse effects, so monitoring and guidelines are important. Modern research supports antimicrobial and antiviral effects of silver nanoparticles, with activity reported against a broad spectrum of bacteria and viruses. Potential applications include incorporation into wound dressings, implants, and topical therapies. The exact antiviral mechanisms are an area of active study, including the roles of ion release, membrane disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation. The article traces both historical and contemporary uses of silver in medicine, notes toxicity cautions, and discusses recent experimental findings on antiviral mechanisms and possible clinical applications.