Studies on Kidney Function and Lipid Profile among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Tetteh Quarshie Memorial Hospital

Abstract:Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern and isfrequently complicated by renal dysfunction and dyslipidemia, which significantly increasecardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Evidence on the combined burden of kidney impairmentand lipid abnormalities among diabetic patients in Ghana remains limited. This study assessedkidney function and lipid profile patterns and examined their relationship with glycemic controland lifestyle factors among patients with T2DM attending Tetteh Quarshie Memorial Hospital.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 121 adults with T2DMaged ≥30 years. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were collectedusing a structured questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for renal function indices,lipid profile parameters, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using standard laboratory methods.Dyslipidemia was defined using NCEP ATP III criteria, and kidney disease was classifiedaccording to KDIGO 2012 guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version18, with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The mean age of participants was 61.02 ± 13.32 years, and 70.25% were female. Theprevalence of dyslipidemia was 22.31%, while kidney disease was observed in 76.86% ofparticipants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed strong negative correlationswith serum creatinine (r = −0.898, p < 0.001) and urea (r = −0.610, p < 0.001). Triglyceridelevels were significantly higher among participants with poor glycemic control (p = 0.033),whereas other lipid parameters did not vary significantly across HbA1c categories. Advancingage, physical inactivity, and inadequate sleep duration were significantly associated with kidneydisease.Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high burden of renal dysfunction and a moderateprevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with T2DM. Poor glycemic control was specificallyassociated with elevated triglyceride levels, while lifestyle and demographic factors played asignificant role in renal impairment. Routine monitoring of renal and lipid parameters, alongsidetargeted lifestyle interventions, is essential to reduce diabetes-related complications.