Jenis-jenis Metode dalam Pendekatan Penelitian Kualitatif

This study aims to examine and describe the types of methods in qualitative research approaches along with their characteristics, focus, and purpose of use. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method through reviewing methodology books and international reputable journal articles relevant to qualitative research. Data were collected using documentation techniques and analyzed through content analysis and descriptive synthesis to identify patterns and differences between methods. The results of the study show that the qualitative research approach includes several main methods, namely ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, narrative inquiry, and case studies, each of which has a different epistemological orientation and research objective. Ethnography focuses on understanding culture and social practices, grounded theory aims to construct theories based on empirical data, phenomenology emphasizes the disclosure of the meaning of individual life experiences, narrative inquiry examines experiences through narratives, while case studies explore phenomena in depth in real contexts. The diversity of these methods shows that qualitative research is flexible and contextual, so the choice of method must be tailored to the focus and objectives of the research. This study is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions as a methodological reference for researchers and academics in designing systematic and meaningful qualitative research.