Maternal Knowledge and Education on Infant Feeding in a Baghdad Pediatric Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Appropriate infant feeding is fundamental for optimal growth and health. In Iraq, low maternal education and inconsistent healthcare communication contribute to early formula introduction and suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Objective: To assess maternal knowledge and health education exposure regarding infant feeding, and to identify sociodemographic determinants associated with feeding practices.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2025 at a public pediatric clinic in Baghdad. Mothers of infants under 12 months were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire covering demographics, health education exposure, knowledge, and feeding practices. Ethical considerations were observed: participation was voluntary and anonymous, no personal or sensitive data were collected, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As per local regulations, formal ethics committee approval was not requiredResults: Among 62 mothers, 65% knew exclusive breastfeeding should last six months, yet 86% introduced formula before one month of age. Maternal education was significantly associated with breastfeeding knowledge (χ²=8.21, p=0.017). Despite high awareness, early formula introduction was widespread, often following healthcare providers’ recommendations.Conclusion: A substantial gap exists between maternal knowledge and practice. Strengthening healthcare provider training, enforcing breastfeeding-supportive policies, and implementing community education programs are essential to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates in Iraq.