A Geometric Re-evaluation of the Cosmic Age and Observable Diameter

This research paper provides a concise geometric re-evaluation of the age and diameter of the observable Universe. While the standard ΛCDM model estimates the cosmic age at approximately 13.8 Gyr, recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have identified massive, mature galaxies at high redshifts (z > 10) that challenge this timeframe. By introducing minimal geometric scaling terms (proportional to $a^{-2}$ and $a^{-1}$) into the expansion history—derived from the broader Alnoor Model—this study demonstrates that the cosmic age is extended to 15.8 ± 0.3 Gyr, with a corresponding observable diameter of approximately 108 billion light-years. These results alleviate the "JWST tension" by providing the necessary time for early structure formation while remaining consistent with late-time cosmological constraints. Key Highlights: Revised Cosmic Age: 15.8 Gyr. Revised Observable Diameter: 108 Gly. Context: Resolving the JWST early galaxy formation tension through geometric corrections.