Macam-macam teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian kualitatif

Qualitative research places data collection techniques as a fundamental element in gaining a deep understanding of social phenomena. The quality of qualitative research findings is largely determined by the researcher's accuracy in selecting and integrating data collection techniques that are appropriate to the context and objectives of the research. This article aims to comprehensively review the various data collection techniques in qualitative research, including interviews, observation, focus group discussions (FGD), and documentation, along with their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review, with data sources in the form of reputable international journal articles, research methodology books, and relevant scientific publications. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify patterns, similarities, and differences between data collection techniques. The results of the study show that no single data collection technique is absolutely superior; each technique has complementary functions and contributions. Therefore, the application of technique triangulation is an important strategy for improving the validity, credibility, and depth of data in qualitative research. This article is expected to serve as a methodological reference for researchers in designing systematic, contextual data collection strategies that are appropriate for qualitative research.