Global Trends in Tokenized Real Estate Platforms and their Impact on Property Investment Models

This review article examines the global landscape of tokenized real estate platforms and their transformative impact on property investment models. Drawing upon recent industry reports, academic literature, and market data from 2023-2025, we synthesize findings on technical architectures, regulatory frameworks, investor adoption patterns, and market outcomes across major jurisdictions, including the United States, European Union, United Arab Emirates, and Asia-Pacific region. Our analysis reveals that the tokenized real estate market has experienced remarkable growth, expanding from $3.5 billion in 2024 with projections reaching $4 trillion by 2035 at a compound annual growth rate of 27%. We identify significant shifts in investor behaviour driven by reduced entry barriers with minimum investments as low as $50, enhanced liquidity through secondary market platforms, and democratized access to previously illiquid asset classes. The review highlights critical technical considerations, including blockchain platform selection (Ethereum, Polygon, Algor, and), smart contract standards (ERC-721, ERC-1400, ERC-3643), and interoperability challenges. Regulatory developments, particularly the European Union's Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation and Dubai's Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) framework, are reshaping compliance requirements and investor protections. Despite promising growth trajectories, the sector faces persistent challenges, including fragmented secondary markets, regulatory uncertainty in key jurisdictions, and the need for standardized legal frameworks that bridge traditional property law with blockchain-based ownership. This review provides stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future trajectory of tokenized real estate investments.