ECC - Blockchain-based Identification and Tracking in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

The escalating global crisis of counterfeit pharmaceuticals has intensified the urgent need for robust traceability and transparency in pharmaceutical supply chains. Traditional centralised database systems remain vulnerable to data manipulation and lack interoperability among stakeholders, compromising patient safety and resulting in significant economic losses. This paper proposes a comprehensive blockchain-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain monitoring system that integrates Ethereum smart contracts, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and blockchain-based environmental condition recording. The proposed system ensures secure product tracking, role-based access control, immutable record keeping, and transparent verification of storage conditions. By enabling consumers to verify product authenticity and temperature compliance, the system enhances trust, accountability, and regulatory compliance across the pharmaceutical supply chain.