Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Papaya Fruit and Its Impact on Consumer Health

Detection pesticide residues is an important tool to ensure food safety and protect consumers from potential toxic effects. This study was conducted to determine the levels of several pesticide residues in papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits using LC–MS/MS analysis. A total of six pesticide residues Acetamiprid (R), Carbendazim, Emamectin benzoate, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl and Profenofos were detected in the analyzed samples. From these, Profenofos (2.689 mg/kg) and Emamectin benzoate (0.216 mg/kg) were found to exceed their respective maximum residue limits (MRLs) by 0.01 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg, indicating significant non-compliance with food safety standards. The high concentrations of profenofos, a neurotoxic organophosphate compound, are of particular concern due to its potential endocrine-disrupting and neurotoxic effects. The presence of multiple residues, including four pesticides, at permissible limits, indicates a pattern of widespread pesticide use during the pre-harvest phase and possible misuse or overuse of agrochemicals, which is likely related to poor adherence to Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). These findings highlight the urgent need for regular residue monitoring, strict regulatory controls, and training of farmers on safe pesticide use. Furthermore, the promotion of organic and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies is strongly recommended to ensure the safety and sustainability of fresh produce and to comply with international food safety standards.