DEVELOPMENT OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED MATERIALS AND GEOPOLYMERS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

This manuscript, titled "Development of Alkali-Activated Materials and Geopolymers for Road Construction Purposes: A Comprehensive Review," provides a detailed analysis of sustainable alternatives to traditional Portland cement in infrastructure. Key highlights of the manuscript include: Environmental Impact: It examines how alkali-activated materials (AAMs) and geopolymers, synthesized from aluminosilicate-rich industrial by-products like fly ash and slag, can reduce CO2 emissions by 30–90% compared to conventional concrete. Material Performance: The review covers the classification of these materials (calcium-rich vs. calcium-poor) and their superior durability, including high resistance to acid, sulfate, and fire attack, as well as mechanical strengths often exceeding 40 MPa. Circular Economy: It explores the integration of various waste streams, such as Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), into pavement systems to promote a circular economy in construction. Practical Application: The paper discusses the chemical mechanisms of geopolymerization, findings from field trials, and the regulatory and economic factors influencing the mainstream adoption of these green technologies. Sustainability Assessment: It provides a summary of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) findings, highlighting the potential for significant energy savings and reduced environmental footprints.