A Coarse-Grained Vacuum Framework for Emergent Gravity Finite Resolution, Coherence, and the Physical Domain of Classical Spacetime

This theory argues that the cosmological constant problem arises from a physical domain mismatch rather than a failure of existing laws. Classical gravity is a macroscopic interaction with finite resolution and can only respond to coherent, persistent energy distributions. Microscopic quantum vacuum fluctuations are rapid, stochastic, and incoherent at the scale of spacetime geometry, making them physically incapable of acting as classical sources of curvature. When the vacuum is viewed at macroscopic scales, high-frequency fluctuations cancel through destructive interference, leaving only a small residual energy density that manifests as the observed cosmological constant. The framework restores consistency between quantum field theory and General Relativity by respecting the finite-resolution limits common to all macroscopic physical interactions, without modifying established physics.