A Comprehensive Review of Bidens Pilosa: Botanical Features, Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties, and Safety Profile

Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) is a widely distributed medicinal plant traditionally used in various systems of medicine for the management of numerous ailments. The plant is found in many tropical and subtropical areas and is distinguished by its capacity to adapt to a variety of environmental circumstances. Numerous bioactive substances, including flavonoids, polyacetylenes, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, have been identified by phytochemical investigations. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrate its broad therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. This review summarises the current scientific knowledge of B. pilosa with an emphasis on its phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, safety profile, and potential for drug development, while highlighting research limitations and future directions. Despite its enormous therapeutic potential, further research is needed to standardise extracts, clarify mechanisms of action, and carry out well-planned clinical trials to verify its effectiveness and safety. All things considered, Bidens pilosa is a promising source of bioactive substances with possible uses in the development of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.