Competition Between Organizational Modes and Performance in Morocco's Water Sector: Turning Rivalry into Results

Using a cross sectional survey of Moroccan water professionals (n=90) and a user module (n=120), this study quantifies how four faces of competition between organizational modes shape performance. Partial least squares structural equation modeling, mirrored by robust OLS, shows: internal competition improves operational efficiency; external competition elevates service quality; award stage competition strengthens financial viability; and institutional diversity/rivalry increases innovation and environmental performance. Effects are medium in size with out of sample predictive relevance. Findings translate into an actionable roadmap: public benchmarking, pro contestability incentives for quality, value for money procurement design, and green innovation clauses. Together, these levers convert rivalry into durable results for utilities and users.