A Rapid Botanical Survey of High Mountain Peaks of Northwest Saudi Arabia in 2023

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Authors: Gary M. Brown, Othman Llewellyn, Shahina A. Ghazanfar, E. R. Hopkins, Stephen Parr, Ricardo O. Ramalho, David Olson
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Abstract

This report presents findings from a 2023 botanical survey of ten high mountain peaks in the northwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All the peaks are within NEOM, one of Saudi Arabia's 'Giga-Projects'. The survey was a rapid assessment of the flora of each peak facilitated by helicopter transport. The botanical findings align with proposals that the high peaks have a rich and distinct flora and that the species found support the Kingdom's Tentative UNESCO Nomination for Bioclimatic Refugia of Western Arabia.

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
6 January 2026