Bonzie Biomechanical Overtake Model, BBOM

Title The Bonzie Biomechanical Overtake Model (BBOM): A Predictive Framework for Locomotion Efficiency and Overtake Probability Description The Bonzie Biomechanical Overtake Model (BBOM) is a theoretical framework developed to predict overtaking capability in dynamic locomotion scenarios involving humans and autonomous systems. The model introduces a unified performance metric—the Bonzie Overtake Efficiency Index (BOEI)—which integrates kinematic speed, displacement, angular motion efficiency, and neuromechanical cadence regulation into a single predictive expression. Unlike traditional biomechanics and locomotion models that treat cadence solely as a component of speed, BBOM explicitly separates mechanical output from neuromuscular control. Speed is modeled as a kinematic quantity derived from stride length and cadence, while cadence is reintroduced as a normalized efficiency coefficient representing rhythm stability, coordination, and control. This formulation ensures dimensional consistency while capturing real-world performance differences between agents with similar speeds but differing movement control strategies. The model incorporates an angular efficiency term to account for non-linear pursuit trajectories, reflecting realistic overtaking behavior in athletics, robotics, and interception tasks. By normalizing effective speed over displacement, BBOM produces a scalable and comparative index that can be applied across individuals, machines, and environments. This release presents the finalized theoretical formulation of BBOM, including its governing equations, conceptual diagram, application domains, and proposed pathways for experimental and simulation-based validation. The framework is intended as an open and extensible model to support peer evaluation, empirical testing, and interdisciplinary collaboration. BBOM is applicable to: Human athletics and race strategy analysis Sports biomechanics and gait optimization Legged and aerial robotics Autonomous pursuit and interception systems Defense and security tracking scenarios Prosthetics and assistive locomotion research Keywords Biomechanics; Locomotion Modeling; Cadence Control; Overtake Prediction; Pursuit Dynamics; Robotics; Gait Analysis; Sports Science Resource Type Preprint / Model Description Funding No external funding was received for this work. License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)