IMMERSIVE VS DESKTOP VR IN HOTEL ENGLISH EDUCATION: EFFECTS ON ENGAGEMENT OF CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This study examined the effects of immersive VR and desktop VR on engagement in a Hotel English course among Chinese university students. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was employed with 30 participants, and engagement was measured using a modified Reeve Engagement Questionnaire (REEQ). Results showed that both VR modes increased engagement, with IVR producing greater gains. Female students demonstrated larger improvements than male students, particularly under IVR, suggesting a potential moderating effect of gender. These findings indicate that higher immersion and interactivity can more effectively enhance engagement in ESP courses, while DVR remains a viable alternative for institutions with limited technological resources.