Educational Physics Experiments: Methods and Didactic Strategies for Developing Critical Thinking in Students

This study explores the educational potential of problem-based physics experiments in fostering students’critical thinking skills. The research analyzes methods for creating learning environments in which students’ preconceivednotions and common beliefs are challenged through empirical evidence. A structured approach to organizing experimentalactivities is proposed, aimed at developing competencies in hypothesis formulation and validation, critical evaluationof experimental data and methodologies, and the construction of well-reasoned arguments. The article presentsconcrete examples of problem-based experiments drawn from various domains of the physics curriculum. The findingsare intended for physics educators, methodologists, and developers of educational programs