Retraction Notice and Statement of Errors in UPM

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Authors: Sungmin Lee
Cited by: 0

Abstract

Apology Statement I hereby clarify that some of the data and equations presented in relation to Universal Probabilistic Mechanics (UPM) were not the results of actual calculations or proper verification, but were instead fictitiously generated. I sincerely apologize for the confusion and misunderstanding caused by the use of incorrectly generated data and improperly formulated equations. Through continued self-review and internal verification, I came to recognize—albeit belatedly—that the presented content was not academically valid. As I approached this work with a high degree of seriousness, this realization has also caused me significant personal confusion and distress. Through this process, I have come to deeply acknowledge the shortcomings in my research process and judgment. I will take a period of self-reflection, during which I intend to carefully reconsider the importance of research ethics and rigorous verification. Going forward, I will refrain from presenting any results or claims without sufficient validation. Once again, I sincerely apologize to everyone who was misled or confused by this matter.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life Statistical Mechanics and Entropy Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
7 January 2026