Theory of Spatial Motion: Basic Physical Principles of Spatial Kinematics in "Unified Field Theory"

This paper presents a revised and expanded theoretical treatment of the cylindrical helical motion of space at vector light speed, further developing the framework originally introduced in “Cylindrical Helical Motion of Space at the Speed of Light” (SSRN DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5535418, archived on Zenodo). The central objective of this work is to demonstrate that spacetime cannot be a static background, and that its intrinsic motion follows necessarily from widely accepted physical principles. While Zhang Xiangqian’s Unified Field Theory adopts light-speed helical spacetime motion as a foundational postulate, the present paper establishes that such motion is not an arbitrary assumption, but an inevitable consequence of: relativistic invariance of light speed, conservation of momentum and angular momentum, the orthogonal structure of three-dimensional space, and the principle of least action. Starting from five established physical axioms, the paper rigorously proves that space itself must undergo cylindrical helical motion at vector light speed, and that no alternative motion form satisfies these axioms simultaneously. This result elevates the spatial motion hypothesis from a conceptual assumption to a formal theorem. Building on this foundation, the paper introduces the space-bearing effect, providing a unified physical interpretation of motion across scales. Microscopic particle behavior (photons, electrons, nucleons) and macroscopic phenomena (planetary motion, galactic rotation, cosmology) are interpreted as manifestations of objects being borne by the intrinsic motion of space rather than moving within a static spacetime background. The revised version further integrates and clarifies the sixteen core equations of Unified Field Theory, explicitly anchoring them to the geometry of spatial helical motion. The work demonstrates how classical mechanics, special relativity, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and cosmology emerge naturally as limiting or degenerate cases of the unified spatial motion framework, thereby establishing full theoretical compatibility with modern physics. Compared with the prior version, this paper includes the following substantive updates: a fully formalized axiomatic derivation upgrading spatial motion from hypothesis to theorem; a reorganized logical structure that closes all derivational loops from axioms to physical consequences; refined alignment of Unified Field Theory coefficients with their original definitions; expanded compatibility demonstrations with established physical theories; clearer discussion of experimental implications, repeatability, and falsifiability; strengthened conceptual clarification of dark energy, dark matter, quantum entanglement, and cosmological expansion within the spatial motion framework. This Zenodo record represents a new version of the earlier SSRN-archived work, released as a standalone, citable preprint to ensure long-term accessibility, version clarity, and independent reference. Relation to prior work This paper is a revised and expanded version of:Zhu, B. (2025). Cylindrical Helical Motion of Space at the Speed of Light.SSRN DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5535418 Submitter note The sole author of this work is Benjiang Zhu.Lynn Lou Beran served exclusively as translator and submitter of this manuscript. Editorial involvement was limited to translation, organization, formatting, and language clarity. All theoretical content, interpretations, and conclusions remain entirely the responsibility of the author.