Black Holes without Singularities: Temporal Freeze and Area Entropy from Emergent Time Dynamics

Description This preprint presents a theoretical investigation of black hole interiors within the framework of Discrete Expansion and Emergent Time (DEET), in which physical time is treated as a dynamical, emergent quantity rather than a fundamental background parameter. The central result is that gravitational collapse generically drives the system toward a temporal saturation regime, where the local production of physical time becomes asymptotically suppressed. As a consequence, classical spacetime singularities are replaced by a finite-density, timeless core bounded by a well-defined phase interface termed the Frozen Temporal Surface (FTS). This surface separates time-bearing exterior spacetime from a temporally frozen interior without introducing exotic matter, modifying Einstein’s equations, or invoking horizon-scale new physics. Within this framework, the black hole entropy–area relation emerges naturally. Because physical time becomes operationally inaccessible inside the core, volumetric information storage is ill-defined, and admissible microstates are confined to the phase boundary. Entropy therefore scales with surface area as a direct consequence of temporal freezing, rather than as an assumed holographic postulate. The work further discusses how the presence of a temporally frozen interior modifies internal boundary conditions, leading to suppressed but potentially observable deviations in gravitational-wave ringdown spectra and horizon-scale imaging, while remaining consistent with current observations. This submission is intended as a preprint and a basis for subsequent journal submission. All results are presented at an effective theoretical level; a microscopic derivation of the emergent time sector is left for future work.