Nucleus Accumbens-Centered Neurotransmitter Imbalances in Instagram Reels Consumption: Linking Reward Dysregulation to Memory and Anxiety Pathology

Abstract The proliferation of ultra-short-form video content platforms, particularly Instagram Reels, has introduced novel patterns of digital consumption characterized by rapid content switching and algorithm-driven variable reward schedules. This comprehensive review examines the neurochemical mechanisms underlying compulsive Reels consumption, focusing on nucleus accumbens-mediated reward dysregulation and subsequent disruptions in glutamate-GABA-serotonin homeostasis. We synthesize emerging evidence linking these neurotransmitter alterations to memory recognition impairments and anxiety manifestations through disrupted hippocampal-striatal-prefrontal circuits. The pathophysiology involves excessive dopaminergic signaling triggering compensatory glutamatergic overexcitation and GABAergic inhibitory failure, while serotonergic depletion exacerbates anxiety and cognitive deficits. Pharmacological interventions targeting these systems—including glutamate modulators (memantine, riluzole), GABAergic enhancers (pregabalin, baclofen), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and dopamine stabilizers (N-acetylcysteine)—demonstrate therapeutic potential. Novel strategies involving mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators and GABA-A subunit-selective compounds warrant investigation. This integrative framework addresses a critical gap in understanding digital behavior-induced cognitive-emotional dysfunction and proposes evidence-based therapeutic approaches for this emerging public health concern. Keywords: Instagram Reels, nucleus accumbens, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, memory recognition, anxiety, behavioral addiction, neurotransmitter dysregulation, digital dopamine.