A Dual-Orbit Refueling Architecture for Human Mars Missions
Abstract
This record presents a public technical concept proposing a dual-orbit refueling architecture consisting of Earth Orbit and Mars Orbit fuel depots. The objective is to reduce mission risk, lower launch mass, and enable safe, scalable, and repeatable human Mars missions through pre-positioned orbital propellant infrastructure. This work is shared as an independent public technical submission for discussion and re ference.
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 8 January 2026
- Language
- EN