Horizons Without Geometry

This work demonstrates that horizons arise from causal signal degradation and finite propagation limits, independent of geometric curvature or spacetime expansion. Horizons are treated as operational boundaries defined by null accessibility rather than metric structure. This perspective unifies black hole, Rindler, and cosmological horizons under a single causal principle and removes the need to treat horizons as fundamentally geometric objects. Keywords Causality; Strain; Finite Signal Speed; Horizons; Causal Boundaries; Relativity