LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AND RISK PREDICTION MODELS IN POST-COVID RHEUMATIC DISEASES: AN INTEGRATED MULTISYSTEM PERSPECTIVE

The long-term consequences of COVID-19 have introduced new challenges in the management of rheumatic diseases, extending beyond short-term disease flares to sustained alterations in immune regulation, vascular health, and connective tissue integrity. Increasing evidence suggests that post-COVID-19 sequelae significantly influence long-term outcomes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergic vasculitis, and systemic sclerosis, as well as in those with comorbid chronic ischemic heart disease.