FUNDAMENTALS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCE

In recent decades, international finance has become one of the central pillars of the global economic system. Accelerated capital mobility, deep integration of financial markets, the expansion of transnational corporations, and rapid technological progress have fundamentally transformed the nature of financial relations between countries. This article explores the theoretical foundations of international finance, its structural evolution under globalization, and the key development trends shaping the modern global financial system. Particular emphasis is placed on capital flows, the changing role of states, the balance between liberalization and protectionism, and the growing influence of transnational corporations. Based on critical analysis, the article argues that successful integration into the international financial system requires not blind adoption of global models, but an adaptive approach that harmonizes international best practices with national institutional and economic specificities