Understanding Recurrent and Chronic Cystitis - Psychological impact of an ongoing battle. Evidence from Italy.

This white paper is the first publication in the Understanding Recurrent and Chronic Cystitis series by the European Cystitis Observatory (ECO). It explores the psychological and quality-of-life burden associated with recurrent and chronic cystitis, with a specific focus on evidence from Italy. The report introduces and contextualizes the Dimann dataset, a large-scale collection of patient-reported questionnaires gathered to better understand daily challenges, behavioral risk factors, and the lived experience of cystitis. With 34,000+ questionnaires collected across Europe, and 25,000+ observations in the Italian sample (2022–2025), the dataset offers a unique, person-centered perspective that complements clinical and epidemiological research. Key insights highlight that cystitis is not only a clinical condition but also a social and psychological burden, often affecting mood, daily activities, relationships, and intimacy. The white paper also discusses diagnostic pathways and inconsistencies in real-world practice, including the use (and underuse) of urine testing and culture, and the implications for recurrence and antimicrobial resistance. What this publication includes A structured overview of recurrent and chronic cystitis and its real-world impact The rationale, structure, and analytical potential of the Dimann dataset A preliminary descriptive snapshot of the Italian sample (demographics, diagnostic behaviors, pathogens) An exploration of patient-reported psychological and lifestyle impacts Conclusions and highlights to support more integrated, patient-centered approaches Disclosures & provenanceIssued by the European Cystitis Observatory (ECO). Conclusions and interpretations are those of ECO.Prepared by Nami Consulting (Maria Ascolese, Erica Ravarelli) using a dataset provided by Dimann.Funding: Yellow People Lab (owner of the Dimann brand). Clinical review: Dr. Oreste Risi, MD (Urologist).