Ayurvedic Perspective of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Narrative Review with Scientific Correlation

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, primarily affecting children and adolescents and often persisting into adulthood. Although ADHD is not explicitly described in classical Ayurvedic texts, its clinical features can be understood through the concepts of Manas Vikāra, Unmāda, and Vāta-pradhāna disorders, particularly involving Prāṇa and Vyāna Vāta. Ayurveda emphasises a holistic approach incorporating dietary regulation, lifestyle modification, Panchakarma procedures, Rasāyana therapy, and herbal formulations to restore mental balance. This narrative review explores the Ayurvedic conceptual framework of ADHD, correlates classical descriptions with modern neurodevelopmental understanding, and evaluates available clinical evidence on Ayurvedic interventions such as Brahmī, Ashwagandhā, Śirodhāra, and Nasya. The review highlights Ayurveda’s potential as a complementary and integrative approach in ADHD management and identifies future research directions.