Neuromorphic Vision Systems: Bio-inspired Approach to Advanced Image Processing

This preprint presents a comprehensive review of neuromorphic vision systems inspired by biological visual processing. It analyzes event-based vision sensors, retinomorphic preprocessing, spiking neural networks, and emerging neuromorphic hardware architectures such as resistive memory arrays and van der Waals heterostructures. The paper discusses architectural principles, computational efficiency, and real-world applications including robotics, autonomous systems, industrial inspection, and medical imaging. Key challenges and future research directions are highlighted, positioning neuromorphic vision as a core technology for next-generation artificial intelligence.