Spatial Impedance in mmWave Antenna Characterization: Revisiting Far-Field Criteria
Abstract
This study presents a theoretical framework for evaluating electromagnetic field behavior in free-space antenna measurements, especially at mmWave frequencies. By analyzing spatial wave impedance and its deviation from the intrinsic free-space value, the paper challenges traditional far-field criteria and proposes regime-aware validation for compact range setups. The results are applicable to mmWave radar, automotive antenna testing, and near-to-far-field transformation strategies.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 8 January 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint