Electromagnetism from an Elementary Energy-Quantum Sea: A First-Order Phase-Transition Closure with a Gravity Interface

Paper II (0→1 tier) — Electromagnetism–Gravity Interface in the EP-sea Program This record releases Paper II of a four-paper series on an “elementary energy-quantum sea” (EP-sea) phase-transition framework. We propose a first-order (0→1 tier) phase-transition closure that unifies electromagnetism and gravitation at the level of kinetic statistics and boundary phase structure. Core ideas Space is modeled as a dense sea of 0-dimensional energy quanta undergoing stochastic collisions. The long-time limit approaches a Boltzmann-type local equilibrium, while short-time fluctuations support propagating collective modes. Matter is defined as a stable phase boundary (“membrane”), described by an order parameter χ governed by a Landau–Ginzburg free-energy functional with interfacial gradient energy. This enables nucleation and persistent boundary solutions under an explicit threshold criterion. Charge is introduced operationally as membrane in/out flux asymmetry, yielding a conserved source pair (ρ_q, J). Electromagnetism emerges as a linear-response closure of the EP-sea, expressed via an effective potential A_μ and constitutive response. In the long-wavelength limit this yields the Maxwell equations. “Virtual photon exchange” is interpreted as an EP-sea response kernel / Green’s function. Photon is defined as a coherent transverse wave packet (collective excitation) of the response sector, leading to the electromagnetic wave equation in source-free homogeneous regions. Gravity interface is formulated by identifying gravity with the EP-sea density–stress channel (effective potential / effective stress-energy), together with an optical-geometry map via an effective refractive index. Falsifiable outputs (examples) Constitutive constants (ε₀, μ₀) and their parameter dependence in the EP background. Dispersion relations, attenuation/birefringence bounds, and background-dependence constraints. Nucleation scalings and threshold-window predictions from the order-parameter free energy. Weak EM–gravity cross-couplings (optical-metric / refractive-index mapping). Collaboration / contributions welcomeWe welcome feedback, derivation checks, and especially collaborations on: (i) closing ε₀(EP) and μ₀(EP) from kinetic response, (ii) numerical tests of dispersion and nucleation scaling, (iii) cross-checking gravitational-optical mapping against observations, and (iv) extensions toward Paper III (higher-tier phase transitions) and Paper IV (quantum interface).