Beyond the Individual–Social Binary: Mobility as the Third Biological Foundation of Humanity

Contemporary theories of human nature and social order remain largely structured around an individual–social binary, emphasizing either individual agency or collective structures as foundational. While this binary has generated extensive theoretical insight, it has proven insufficient to explain recurrent systemic failures, including totalitarian collapse, isolationist stagnation, and extreme liberal atomization. This paper argues that the persistence of these failures reflects a fundamental theoretical omission: the absence of mobility as an irreducible biological foundation of humanity. Existing literature typically treats mobility as a derivative phenomenon—such as migration, globalization, or social change—rather than as a biologically grounded regulatory mechanism. Drawing on evolutionary anthropology, comparative history, and systems theory, this paper reframes mobility as a core homeostatic function that regulates the adaptive tension between individuality and sociality. Humans, as a motile species, rely on movement to manage entropy, relieve structural saturation, and enable reconfiguration across social and spatial contexts. Through a dynamic regulatory model and comparative case analysis, including the Soviet Union and North Korea, the paper demonstrates that suppression of mobility generates structural pathologies that undermine systemic stability. By conceptualizing mobility as biologically comparable to reproduction and rest, this study contributes a novel framework for understanding human systems as constrained by evolutionary realities rather than ideological preferences. The proposed model offers a biologically grounded lens for reinterpreting social stability, redefining freedom not as a political right but as an evolutionary necessity, and ensuring systemic endurance.