Does the Late-Time Universe Demand Λ When the Distance Ruler Cannot Curve?
Abstract
Recent analyses have demonstrated that Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) distance residuals contain ordered structure that survives aggressive control of calibration and selection effects. A persistent concern is that such structure may arise from curvature freedom inadvertently introduced through redshift-dependent correction operators rather than from physical cosmology. In this work, I impose an explicit fixed-ruler constraint: all redshift-polynomial curvature components are stripped from the SN correction operator before cosmological inference. Using Pantheon+ supernovae jointly with BAO measurements from DESI, I compare flat ΛCDM against Λ = 0 curved FRW models under both fixed and curvature-allowed ruler constructions. I find that Λ is strongly preferred in both cases, with ∆χ2 ≃ 60 against Λ = 0 even when the ruler is forbidden from curving. This demonstrates that the empirical demand for a cosmological constant is not an artifact of correction-induced curvature freedom. These results constrain the physical origin of SN residual structure without invoking expansion-history freedom.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 9 January 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint