The Structured Vacuum Theory (TVS): From Fundamental Constants to Galactic Dynamics via an Ether-Based Generative Algebra

This paper presents the Structured Vacuum Theory (TVS), a complete physical framework that derives fundamental constants, explains gravity as optical refraction, replaces dark matter with vacuum vortex dynamics, and reinterprets quantum entanglement as mechanical tension. Starting from a prime seed (5), TVS generates the numbers 23 and 137 via an algebraic operator Φ, which correspond to the vacuum's 23 helical channels and the electromagnetic fine-structure constant. The theory restores Lorentz's ether as a structured, absolute medium and unifies relativity, quantum mechanics, and cosmology under a single physical principle: the vacuum is a dynamical, torsional fluid. All predictions are falsifiable through proposed experiments including a heliotropic compass, dielectric motor, and vacuum-refraction measurements. Key derivations include: α⁻¹ = 137 + 19/23² + 1/23³ + 0.5/23⁵ ≈ 137.035999084 mₚ/mₑ = (137−1)×27/2 = 1836 Mercury's perihelion precession: 42.98″/century (observed: 43″) Galactic rotation curves without dark matter Quantum entanglement as superluminal tension in V23 filaments The paper includes mathematical derivations, experimental proposals, and philosophical implications, challenging both General Relativity and quantum orthodoxy while vindicating Hendrik Lorentz's ether-based physics.