Cost Optimization of an Office EV-Charging Parking Lot with Integrated PV and Grid

The rapid growth of electric vehicles has significantly increased the energy demand at workplace charging facilities. Uncoordinated charging leads to high grid dependency, increased operational cost, and stress on distribution systems. This paper presents a cost-optimization framework for an office EV-charging parking lot integrated with a rooftop photovoltaic system. A mathematical model is developed to represent EV charging demand, PV generation, grid interaction, and economic factors including capital and operational costs. Particle Swarm Optimization is employed to jointly determine the optimal PV capacity and EV charging schedule while satisfying user constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that coordinated charging aligned with PV generation significantly reduces grid import, improves PV utilization, and lowers annual operating costs. The proposed approach provides a scalable and economically viable solution for EV-ready commercial infrastructures.