Comparative Evaluation of Digital and Visual Bitemark Analysis Using Edible Substrates: An Observational Forensic Study

Introduction Although dental patterns are considered unique, the use of bitemark analysis in forensic identification remains controversial due to issues related to distortion, subjectivity, and limited reproducibility. Recent advances in digital dentistry and three-dimensional (3D) imaging have introduced alternative approaches aimed at improving the recording and comparison of bitemarks. Aim The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate digital and visual bitemark analysis techniques using edible substrates as soft-tissue analogues, with emphasis on concordance trends, arch-wise variability, and methodological reproducibility.