Sports-Related Hypovolemia: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Approaches to Water–Electrolyte Balance Restoration

This article reviews exercise-induced hypovolemia and its impact on the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. It discusses the physiological role water and electrolytes in maintaining homeostasis, mechanisms of fluid loss during physical activity, and the consequences of dehydration on athletic performance and health. Methods for assessing hydration status, modern monitoring technologies, and strategies for oral rehydration are pesented wich practical recommendation for preventing and correcting hypovolemia before, during, and after exercise.