Unfair Labor Practices in the Philippine Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Industry: A Legal Analysis of Wage Discrepancies and Employee Rights

This research examines the prevalence of unfair labor practices in the Philippine Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, with a focus on underpayment, excessive working hours, and misclassification of employees. It analyzes these issues through the lens of the Labor Code of the Philippines and the regulatory role of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), highlighting gaps in enforcement and compliance. By integrating legal analysis, labor tribunal cases, and academic literature, the study exposes systemic challenges faced by BPO employees and provides recommendations for stronger labor protections. This paper contributes to labor law scholarship by offering a comprehensive, evidence-based assessment of worker rights violations in one of the country’s fastest-growing industries.