Budget Insertions, Corruption, and Democratic Accountability in the Philippines: A Legal and Political Analysis of Contemporary Governance

This thesis examines the legal and political dimensions of budget insertions, corruption, and governance failures in the Philippines, analyzing how these practices undermine constitutional principles, fiscal transparency, and democratic accountability. Through doctrinal legal analysis and political evaluation, the study highlights systemic weaknesses in the budget process and proposes reforms to strengthen the rule of law and public trust.