GPS Mass Drift Correlation
Abstract
Analysis of satellite timing data across multiple orbital regimes reveals a consistent inverse correlation between satellite mass and clock drift magnitude spanning ve orders of magnitude. Starlink satellites (800 kg) exhibit drift of order 10−10 s/s, GPS Block IIR (1,075 kg) shows 10−11 s/s, GPS Block III (2,269 kg) shows 10−13 s/s, and the ISS-mounted ACES experiment (450,000 kg platform) achieves stability at 10−16. This mass-dependency is inconsistent with relativistic time dilation, which predicts corrections dependent on altitude and velocity alone. The data support a mechanical interpretation: satellites with insucient mass fail to couple fully to Earth's rotational frame, producing clock drift as angular momentum slippage. Two distinct regimes emerge: below a coupling threshold, both mass and altitude matter; above the threshold, sucient mass locks the platform to Earth's frame regardless of altitude. The ISS represents the high-mass regime where mechanical coupling eliminates slippage entirely.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
GNSS positioning and interference
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 10 January 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint