Understanding Photons in Quantum Physics - A clear, modern scientific article to resolve common conceptual confusions

This work provides a conceptual clarification of the photon within modern quantum physics. While the experimental behavior of photons is well established, conceptual confusion persists regarding their wave-particle nature, wavelength attribution, and energy without mass. The article presents an interpretation-safe account of photons as quantum excitations of the electromagnetic field, resolving common misconceptions without proposing new physics.