Characterization of Photovoltaic Performance through Current - Voltage Analysis

This report presents a detailed investigation into various methods used for the characterization of solar cells, with a focus on assessing their performance, efficiency, and operational reliability. Solar or photovoltaic (PV) cells are fundamental components of modern renewable energy systems, as they directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Accurate characterization of these cells is essential for understanding their electrical behaviour and improving overall energy conversion efficiency. In this study, essential photovoltaic parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), maximum power point (Pmax), and fill factor (FF) were determined through current–voltage (I–V) curve analysis. In this experiment, the observed fill factor was 0.5714 (57.14%), indicating moderate cell quality with potential for improvement through material and fabrication optimization. This study highlights how analytical approaches contribute to enhancing photovoltaic technologies, supporting the global transition toward efficient and sustainable energy solutions.