PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR ESTIMASI BIAYA KONSTRUKSI DI SMK NEGERI 5 SURABAYA

This study aims to analyze the effect of reward and punishment on students’ learning outcomes in the Estimation of Construction Costs (EBK) subject at SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya. The background of this research is the low achievement of student learning outcomes, where 83.65% of students have not reached the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) of 75, even though the reward and punishment methods have been applied. This research employed a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design. The population consisted of all 11th-grade students majoring in Building Sanitation and Maintenance Construction (KGS), with a sample of 83 students determined using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires for the independent variables (reward and punishment) and documentation of the average EBK scores for the dependent variable (learning outcomes). Data analysis was conducted using simple and multiple linear regression tests assisted by IBM SPSS Statistics version 27, preceded by prerequisite tests including normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and homogeneity tests. The results showed that (1) reward had a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.045 < 0.05, (2) punishment also had a positive and significant effect with a significance value of 0.032 < 0.05, and (3) reward and punishment simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.021 < 0.05. The predictor coefficients of each variable, X₁ (reward) = 0.150 and X₂ (punishment) = 0.157, indicate that an increase in the implementation of these two methods can improve students’ learning performance. Although the effective contribution of both variables to learning outcomes is relatively small (6.4%), these findings emphasize the importance of consistently and systematically applying reward and punishment as instructional strategies to enhance students’ motivation, discipline, and achievement in the Estimation of Construction Costs subject.