Faunal diversity and habitat associations in Mt. Arayat Protected Landscape, Luzon, Philippines

Mountain ecosystems are vital centers of biodiversity but face increasing threats from human disturbance and habitat change. This study aimed to assess the faunal diversity of the Mt. Arayat Protected Landscape to generate baseline data for conservation management. Seasonal surveys were conducted using a standardized multilevel approach across 36 quadrats on both northern and southern slopes. A total of 2,359 individuals representing rodents, detritivores, amphibians, reptiles, and birds were recorded. Results showed high species richness, evenness, and functional redundancy, with dominant species varying by group. Endemics such as Apomys cf. iridensis, Platymantis mimulus, and Dasylophus superciliosus indicated intact forest microhabitats, while generalists like Rattus everetti and Eutropis multicarinata reflected adaptability across gradients. Disturbance-tolerant species, including Rattus tanezumi and Hemidactylus frenatus, signaled anthropogenic influence in forest margins. Functional guilds were well represented, ranging from detritivores that drive decomposition to predators that maintain trophic balance. The low occurrence of canopy-, stream-, and apex-dependent species highlighted vulnerable niches that require focused monitoring. These findings emphasize the importance of protecting interior forests, restoring disturbed zones, and integrating local stewardship to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functions in Mt. Arayat.