¿Era Jesús de Nazaret un buen judío?: Judaísmo, lengua, praxis y memoria en el cristianismo primitivo

Abstract This study examines whether Jesus of Nazareth can be understood, from a historical perspective, as a“good Jew” within the plural and dynamic landscape of Second Temple Judaism. Rather than viewingfirst-century Judaism as a monolithic orthodoxy, the article adopts the framework of multiple“Judaisms,” situating Jesus within a spectrum of practices, languages, and competing loyalties.Drawing on archaeological and epigraphic evidence—particularly the Theodotus Inscription and datafrom the Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae—the study demonstrates that Greek functioned asa legitimate and widely used language in Jewish religious and communal contexts, even in Jerusalem.This background allows a reassessment of the Gospels as texts addressed to bilingual or Greek-speaking audiences. A philological analysis of the Aramaic expressions preserved in Mark, such astalitha koum(i) (Mark 5:41) and eli, eli, lema sabachthani (Mark 15:34), shows that these formulas actas linguistic fossils of Jesus’ historical speech, embedded within Greek narratives through explanatoryglosses. Finally, the study argues that Jesus’ praxis—circumcision, Sabbath observance, andparticipation in Temple and synagogue life—places him firmly within the Judaism of his time. Theconvergence of linguistic, archaeological, and textual evidence thus supports an understanding of Jesusnot as an external reformer but as a Jewish actor fully embedded in the traditions and tensions of Israel. Version 1.1: Identical content to v1.0. DOI added to the first page of the PDF for citation visibility. No textual changes.