QUANTUM COMPUTING: INDIA'S LEAP INTO THE FUTURE OF SUPERPOWER SCIENCE

Quantum computing is an emerging paradigm that leverages quantum mechanical principles, including superposition, entanglement, and interference, to perform computations beyond classical capabilities. Current devices in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era face challenges such as noise, errors, and scaling limitations, yet have demonstrated early signs of quantum advantage. Applications span chemistry, materials science, optimization, cryptography, and secure communications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of quantum computing fundamentals, examines potential benefits and risks, and discusses strategies to advance quantum technologies toward practical applications, highlighting India@2047’s vision of technological leadership.