Charged Lepton Masses from Integer Toroidal Mode Numbers
Abstract
We report a striking empirical relationship between charged lepton masses and products of integer pairs. The electron, muon, and tau masses satisfy m = me × p × q where (p, q) are coprime integers: (1,1) for the electron, (13, 16) for the muon, and (57,61) for the tau. This formula reproduces the tau mass to 0.007% accuracy using only integer arithmetic. The mode numbers exhibit systematic patterns: the differences |p − q| follow the sequence {0, 3, 4}, and the pairs satisfy a linear recurrence relation that yields valid integer solutions for exactly three generations. The Koide formula Q = 2/3 is satisfied to 0.001%. We present the numerical evidence and discuss possible geometric interpretations in terms of toroidal topology.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 13 January 2026
- Document type
- Preprint