FROM ACCESSIBILITY TO SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF ONLINE AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN NEPALI HIGHER EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The landscape of higher education in Nepal is undergoing a profound transformation, evolving from a focus on accessibility to a vision of sustainability. Online and distance learning have emerged as pivotal tools in this transition, expanding educational opportunities while fostering environmentally responsible and institutionally resilient systems. This study explores how digital platforms, virtual classrooms, and open educational resources (OERs) contribute to inclusive access, equitable participation, and the broader sustainability goals outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Drawing on national data, institutional policies, and thematic analysis, the research examines how Nepali universities are integrating technology to enhance learning quality, reduce geographical barriers, and promote sustainable practices. Despite significant progress, persistent challenges, such as digital inequality, limited infrastructure, and policy gaps, continue to constrain the full potential of technology-driven education. The paper concludes by advocating a holistic and context-sensitive approach where accessibility forms the foundation and sustainability defines the future of higher education in Nepal. Keywords: Accessibility, Sustainability, Online Learning, Higher Education, Nepal, Sustainable Development, Digital Inclusion